Pyometra is an infection of the womb (the uterus) that usually comes on suddenly in female dogs — and in other species too — soon after a season ends. It is rare in young animals but becomes more common after several cycles. Bitches, but also queens and other species including rabbits and rodents, can all develop this kind of infection.
It is a serious condition and will not clear up without veterinary treatment. Left untreated, it only gets worse: pus builds up in the two horns of the womb and the bacteria release toxins that make the animal increasingly unwell. And once the cervix — the neck of the womb, which acts as a natural plug — closes over, things can move very fast and turn life-threatening, either through a massive absorption of bacterial toxins or through rupture of the weakened uterine wall.
Causes and risk factors
- Hormonal imbalance, or oestrogen-based hormone treatments given at the wrong point in the cycle.
- Repeated false or phantom pregnancies (pseudopregnancy) are a risk factor any dog owner can spot.
Signs
A vaginal discharge (though not always), tiredness, a general dip in form, loss of appetite, sometimes a raised temperature, and increased thirst and urination. These signs usually appear within the two months following the last season.
Diagnosis
History, clinical signs, X-rays, an ultrasound scan, blood tests and, where relevant, analysis of the urine and of any vaginal discharge.
Treatment
Sometimes, when the cervix is open enough to let the pus drain away, a course of antibiotics combined with aglepristone can resolve the problem. Be aware, though: in this case the risk of it happening again is never entirely ruled out!
As a rule, the treatment of choice is surgery: an ovariohysterectomy (removal of the womb and ovaries), more or less urgent depending on how ill the dog is. Supportive care — intravenous fluids, antibiotics and so on — is essential alongside it.
Prognosis
Good, provided treatment is started promptly.
Prevention
Routine spaying, or spaying if there are recurring cycle problems (frequent false pregnancies, an irregular season pattern, and so on).
Alternatively, avoid long-term hormone treatments that are not overseen by a vet.