Pyometra in female dogs
Photo of dogs
Pyometra is an infection of the womb (the uterus) that usually comes on suddenly in female dogs — and even in other species — soon after a season ends. It is rarely seen in young animals, but more often after several cycles. Dogs, but also cats and other species including rabbits and rodents, can all develop this kind of infection.
It is a serious condition and will not clear up without veterinary treatment. Left untreated, the disease takes a bad turn. Fluid, mostly pus, builds up in the two horns of the womb, and toxins are produced that worsen the clinical signs. And once the cervix — which acts as a natural plug — closes over, things can move very fast and become life-threatening, either through a massive absorption of bacterial toxins or through rupture of the weakened uterine wall.
Causes and risk factors
- Hormonal imbalance, or oestrogen-based hormone treatments given at the wrong points in the cycle.
- Repeated phantom (false) pregnancies are among the risk factors any dog owner can spot.
Signs
A vaginal discharge or not, tiredness, a lowered general state, loss of appetite, sometimes a raised temperature, and increased thirst and urination. These signs usually appear within the two months following the last season.
Diagnosis
History, signs, X-rays, an ultrasound scan, blood tests and, where relevant, tests on the urine and on any vaginal discharge.
Treatment
Sometimes, when the cervix is open enough to let the pus drain away, a course of antibiotics together with aglepristone can put things right. Be aware, though: in this case the risk of it happening again is never entirely ruled out!
As a rule, the treatment of choice is surgery: an ovariohysterectomy (removal of the womb and ovaries) is performed, more or less urgently depending on the dog’s clinical state. Supportive treatments such as intravenous fluids, antibiotics and so on are essential.
Prognosis
Good, provided treatment is started promptly.
Prevention
Routine spaying, or spaying when there are repeated cycle problems (frequent phantom pregnancies, an irregular season pattern, and so on).
Or avoid long, uncontrolled hormone treatments that are not overseen by a vet.